Air Regulations

Chicago Convention 1944: sovereignty, territory, scheduled/non-scheduled flights, cabotage, ICAO SARPs. ICAO: objectives, structure, annexures, regional offices. Five Freedoms of the Air. Security conventions: Tokyo, Hague, Montreal. Liability conventions: Warsaw, Rome, Geneva, Cape Town. DGCA, AAI, MoCA — roles and functions.

ICAO Annex 7: nationality marks, registration marks, common marks, display requirements, marks on aircraft parts. Indian VT- registration series, DGCA registration procedures, certificates of registration, de-registration.

ICAO Annex 2: applicability, general rules, VFR rules, IFR rules, signals, interception of civil aircraft, table of cruising levels. Right-of-way rules, formation flying, aerobatic flight, unmanned free balloons, prohibited areas.

ICAO Annex 11 & Doc 4444: ATS objectives and divisions, airspace classification (A–G), ATC service, flight information service, alerting service (INCERFA/ALERFA/DETRESFA), ATC clearances and instructions, coordination procedures.

Vertical separation, RVSM operations, horizontal separation (lateral and longitudinal), radar separation minima, wake turbulence categories and separation, time-based and distance-based separation standards.

Visual separation at aerodromes, separation between arriving and departing aircraft, low-visibility procedures, runway occupancy, circuit procedures, visual approach separation.

Runway selection, ground movement control, ATIS, take-off and landing clearances, aerodrome signals and markings, low-visibility procedures, ground radar, apron management.

SSR transponder operations, Mode A/C/S, radar vectoring, position reporting using radar, ACAS/TCAS procedures and phraseology, ADS-B, surveillance minima.

ICAO Annex 15 & AIP India: AIP structure (GEN/ENR/AD), NOTAM format and categories, AIRAC cycle, AIC, SNOWTAM, ASHTAM, pre-flight information, integrated aeronautical information package.

ICAO Annex 12: SAR organisation, RCC/RSC, emergency phases (uncertainty/alert/distress), SAR procedures for PIC, ground/air visual signals, SARSAT/COSPAS, survivor behaviour, SAR signals.

ICAO Annex 14: runway/taxiway markings, approach lighting (HIALS/MIALS/LIALS), PAPI and VASIS, runway and taxiway lights, aerodrome beacon, obstruction lighting, signal area, windsock, stopway/RESA markings.

ICAO Doc 8168 PANS-OPS Vol I: SIDs and STARs, instrument approach procedure segments, circling approach, missed approach, holding procedures, altimeter setting, RNAV and RNP approaches, performance-based navigation.

Indian Aircraft Act 1934 (Sections 1, 2, 8, 10, 11A, 11B, 17, 18). Aircraft Rules 1937. Indian Aircraft Rules 1920. Aircraft Rules 1954 (Public Health). Aircraft Rules 2003 (Dangerous Goods). CARs Sections 2, 7 and 8. Penalties and enforcement.

ICAO Annex 1 & DGCA CARs: student pilot, PPL, CPL, ATPL licence requirements, privileges and limitations. Medical standards Class 1/2/3, validity, waivers. Flight instructor and examiner authorisations. Recent experience requirements.

ICAO Annex 8: certificate of airworthiness, type certificate, continued airworthiness, maintenance release, MEL/CDL. Airworthiness directives, modifications and repairs, mass and balance documentation, DGCA airworthiness requirements.

ICAO Annex 6 & CAR-OPS: AOC requirements, operational control, fuel policy, mass and balance, performance planning, aerodrome operating minima, CAT I/II/III LVO, flight and duty time limitations, MEL operations.

Wind shear and microburst, wake turbulence avoidance, volcanic ash procedures, laser hazards, bird strikes, ground de-icing/anti-icing, GPWS/EGPWS, TCAS RAs, contaminated runways, dangerous goods (Annex 18).

ICAO Annex 10 Vol II: VHF radiotelephony procedures, standard phraseology, RTF call signs, readback requirements, position reports, distress (MAYDAY) and urgency (PAN-PAN) calls, communication failure procedures, SELCAL, CPDLC.

ICAO Annex 13: definitions (accident/serious incident/incident), notification obligations, investigation principles, final report structure, mandatory occurrence reporting (MOR), DGCA safety reporting system, just culture.

ICAO Annex 9: entry and departure formalities, required aircraft documents (general declaration, passenger manifest), crew documentation, persons in distress, customs and immigration procedures for aviation.

ICAO Annex 17: national aviation security programme, threat assessment, access control, passenger and baggage screening, hold baggage reconciliation, air cargo security, response to unlawful interference, AVSEC training.

Information processing, perception and attention, memory, decision-making models, situational awareness, workload management, threat and error management framework, automation and complacency.

CRM principles: communication, leadership, teamwork, conflict resolution. TEM model: threats, errors, undesired aircraft states. LOFT methodology, scenario-based training, non-technical skills assessment, NOTECHS framework.

Stress and fatigue in aviation, motivation and attitudes, hazardous attitudes, personality factors, vigilance and boredom, interpersonal dynamics, organisational culture, error-producing conditions, defensive behaviours.

Hypoxia types and time of useful consciousness, hyperventilation, spatial disorientation and illusions (leans, graveyard spiral, somatogravic), G-forces, vision in flight (night vision, empty field myopia), hearing, altitude physiology.

Integrated practice questions spanning human performance, CRM, aviation psychology, and aviation physiology — designed for final revision and exam consolidation.