CPL Air Navigation: questions asked 2019–2026

A. 093

C-D-M-V-T, East is added, West subtracted going towards True: compass 095 + 3E = magnetic 098; 098 - 5W = true 093.

The question was recalled without its options; these options were written to it.

A. Vmcg

V1 may not be less than VMCG, the minimum control speed on the ground.

C. 1800 ft/min

Height to lose 27,000 ft. Time available = 85 / 340 h = 15 min. ROD = 27,000 / 15 = 1800 ft/min. ROD = height / time, and time = distance / GS.

The question was recalled without its options; these options were written to it.

C. all of the above are correct

A directional gyro suffers transport wander, earth-rate drift, errors from banking and pitching, and mechanical imperfections: all four.

A. Beginning of July

Aphelion, when the earth is furthest from the sun, is in early July.

C. 1.05 Vmca

For a Class A aeroplane VR must not be less than V1 and not less than 1.05 VMCA.

B. Means an area beyond the takeoff runway, no less wide than the runway and centered upon the extended centerline of the runway

A stopway is a rectangular area beyond the take-off run, at least as wide as the runway and centred on its extended centreline, able to support the aeroplane in an abandoned take-off.

C. self-contained on-board aid used to measure the true height of the aircraft

A radio altimeter is a self-contained on-board aid that measures true height above the terrain.

B. an apparent turn towards north

ANDS (northern hemisphere): Accelerate - North, Decelerate - South. Dip makes the magnet's centre of gravity lag behind the pivot, turning the card.

The question was recalled without its options; these options were written to it.

D. the scale is only correct along the standard parallels

With two standard parallels a Lambert chart has its true scale along the standard parallels (smaller between them, larger outside).

B. reduces longitudinal stability, lightens the controls and improves range (less tail download and drag)

Aft CG: smaller static margin (less stable, more manoeuvrable, lighter stick forces) and less tailplane download, so less induced drag and fuel burn - better range. Behind the aft limit it becomes dangerously unstable.

The question was recalled without its options; these options were written to it.

A. Height above terrain

A radio altimeter gives true height above the terrain directly below the aircraft, not altitude.

A. 75 deg S, 30 deg W

Same-name values subtract, opposite names add. Latitude: 45 N to 30 S crosses the equator: 75 deg S. Longitude: 010 E to 020 W crosses Greenwich: 30 deg W.

A. 0-6 degrees

Civil twilight covers the time when the centre of the sun is between 0 and 6 deg below the horizon.

D. 7 deg R, 204 kt

The wind comes from 36 deg left of the nose, so it blows the aircraft to the right (starboard drift) and is mostly a headwind. Vector sum: track 083, GS 204 kt, drift 7 deg right. Drift is the angle from heading to track, named by the side the aircraft is blown to.

The question was recalled without its options; these options were written to it.