Licensing, medical & national rules

B. 15 days or more

Fifteen days or more of incapacity for the licensed work means a fresh medical before flying again. The same applies to any injury likely to affect your efficiency, whatever its length.

B. Local flights within 5 NM of the aerodrome reference point and up to 1000 ft AGL, where ATS is available

Local flights, including flying-club flights, within a 5 NM radius of the ARP and up to 1000 ft AGL at an aerodrome with ATS are exempt. Every other flight in or into an ADIZ - civil or military - needs an ADC before take-off.

A. For any type of aircraft whenever considered necessary by the Licensing Authority

The authority may require a type rating for any type it considers necessary. Aircraft certificated for a minimum crew of two pilots always need one, but the word "only" makes that option wrong - so "all correct" is wrong too.

Our independent check could not confirm this answer from the official sources we hold; treat it with care and confirm with your instructor.

A. With a written permit from the DGCA (or an officer authorised under the rule)

Rule 24B: no prisoner may be taken on board except under a written permit from the Director-General or one of the officers the rule names, and subject to its conditions.

B. District Magistrate or Commissioner of Police

Rule 26 allows leaflets or flower petals to be dropped only with the prior written permission of the District Magistrate or Commissioner of Police, from a suitable aircraft, observing the minimum safe heights.

A. 45 minutes plus 15 % of the planned cruise time, or 2 hours, whichever is less

For an isolated aerodrome: 45 minutes plus 15 % of the time planned at cruising level, or two hours, whichever is less - final reserve included. A turbine aeroplane carries two hours at normal cruise consumption instead.

C. 24 hours

As a general rule, do not fly within 24 hours of diving - and certainly not the same day. Nitrogen absorbed on the dive can come out as bubbles at even a modest cabin altitude.

B. 6 landings

The current FDTL table pairs flight time, flight duty period and landings: up to 8 hours of flight time within an 11-hour FDP permits 6 landings. Longer duty periods bring fewer permitted landings.

B. 16 years

Nobody under 16 may have sole control of an aircraft in motion, and the SPL minimum age is also 16. PPL is 17, CPL 18 and ATPL 21.

B. 65 years

Sixty-five is the hard ceiling. Between 60 and 65, a pilot may fly commercial air transport only in a multi-crew aircraft with the other pilot under 60.

B. 5 years

The SPL is valid for five years. The 2023 amendment to Rule 39C raised the CPL and ATPL to ten years (the PPL was already ten) but left the Student Pilot's Licence at five.

C. Exceeding 900 litres capacity

The definition in Rule 3 is petroleum in a receptacle exceeding 900 litres in capacity.

A. The Certificate of Registration, the Certificate of Airworthiness and the licences of the flight crew

Among others, the aircraft must carry its Certificate of Registration, Certificate of Airworthiness and the licences of each flight crew member, plus (as applicable) the operator's permit, radio licence, journey logbook, MEL and flight manual.

C. From the moment the aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight

Flight time starts at the first movement for take-off and ends when the aeroplane comes to rest after the flight. It is the same as "block to block" or "chock to chock" time - not airborne time, and not engine-running time.

A. 20 minutes before sunrise and 20 minutes after sunset

VFR flights shall not operate between 20 minutes after sunset and 20 minutes before sunrise, except when exempted by ATC. Local and flying-club training flights may be cleared at night in VMC.

A. FL150

AIP India: VFR flights shall not be operated above FL150, nor at transonic or supersonic speeds. The ICAO figure in Annex 2 is FL200 - the Indian limit is lower, and the Indian limit is what applies.

A. Minimum Equipment List

The Minimum Equipment List, part of the Operations Manual and approved by the DGCA, tells the pilot-in-command whether a flight may begin or continue with a particular item unserviceable.

A. 3 years

Level 4 (Operational) is re-evaluated every 3 years and Level 5 every 6 years. Level 6 (Expert) needs no re-evaluation.

A. Pilot-in-command

Discretionary fuel is the extra fuel the pilot-in-command decides to carry on top of the planned minimum.

A. 30 minutes at holding speed at 1500 ft above aerodrome elevation in standard conditions

Turbine: 30 minutes holding at 450 m (1500 ft) above the aerodrome in standard conditions. For reciprocating-engine aeroplanes it is 45 minutes.

C. 48 hours

Active pilots should avoid donating blood; if they do, they should wait at least 48 hours before flying. Plasma recovers in hours, but the red cell mass takes weeks.

A. Director General of Civil Aviation

The owner or operator applies to the Director-General, who may issue, renew or validate the C of A. The AAI runs airports and air navigation services; the BCAS is the security regulator.

A. Section 8

Rule 18 of the Aircraft Rules refers to "an authority authorised under section 8 of the Aircraft Act, 1934, to detain aircraft", who may do so by a written direction to the pilot or person in charge.

B. 17 years

PPL 17 years. For comparison: SPL 16, CPL 18, ATPL 21.

A. 1 cabin crew member

Rule 38B: an aeroplane with 10 to 50 seats needs one cabin crew member. Cabin crew are counted on the seats installed, not on the passengers carried that day.

B. 2 cabin crew members

More than 50 seats needs two cabin crew, plus one more for each unit (or part) of 50 seats above 99. Eighty-four seats is above 50 but not above 99, so the answer is two.

A. Prepared by the operator in its Operations Manual and approved by the DGCA

The operator includes the MEL in its Operations Manual and the DGCA approves it. The manufacturer's master list (MMEL) is the starting point; the MEL can be as restrictive as the MMEL or more so, never less.

B. 18 years

Eighteen years for the CPL. The PPL minimum is 17 and the ATPL minimum is 21.

B. 21 years

ATPL 21 years - the highest of the pilot licences. The CPL is 18.

C. 10 years

GSR 733(E) of 10 October 2023 raised the CPL and ATPL from five to ten years. Much of the older study material still says five - it is out of date.

B. 10 years

The PPL is valid for ten years under Rule 39C. Its medical assessment is valid for 24 months.

B. 24 months

The PPL medical is valid for 24 months under Rule 39C. The CPL and ATPL medical is 12 months.

B. 12 months

Twelve months for CPL and ATPL holders under 40 - both the Aircraft Rules and the medical CAR agree on this.

B. Three

Three. Class 1 is for CPL, ATPL and PPL with instrument rating privileges; Class 2 for PPL and student licences; Class 3 for air traffic controllers.

C. The State of Registry

The State of Registry - the State on whose register the aircraft is entered - is responsible for its airworthiness, including continuing airworthiness. ICAO sets the Standards but does not certify individual aircraft.

B. Laws of the State of Registry

The C of A belongs to the State of Registry, and its renewal and validity follow that State's laws. The State the aircraft happens to operate in does not control it.

B. India

The C of A follows the State of Registry wherever the aircraft flies, so an Indian-registered aircraft keeps its Indian C of A in London or Bosnia.

A. 8 days

The quarantinable-disease table: yellow fever 6 days, plague 6 days, cholera 5 days, smallpox 14 days, typhus 14 days, and relapsing fever 8 days.

A. The certificate of airworthiness or a direction of the Central Government

Rule 25 makes the owner, operator and PIC display notices showing where smoking is prohibited or permitted. A notice permitting smoking may go up only if the C of A (or a Central Government direction) allows smoking in that aircraft.

A. 1000 hours

The cumulative limits are 35 hours in 7 days, 65 in 14, 100 in 28, 300 in 90 and 1000 in 365 consecutive days.

A. 100 hours

The CAR limits flight time to 35 hours in 7 days, 65 in 14, 100 in 28, 300 in 90 and 1000 in 365 consecutive days. The older 125-hours-in-30-days figure is a different period and the CAR limit is the tighter one.

A. No cabin crew member - the requirement starts at 20 seats for helicopters

Cabin crew are counted on seats installed. An aeroplane needs one from 10 to 50 seats; a helicopter needs one from 20 to 50 seats; above 50, two plus one for each 50 seats (or part) above 99.

A. Two consecutive nights, except once in any 168 hours

Night duties are limited to two consecutive nights, with one exception allowed in any 168-hour period, because working through the body's low point night after night builds fatigue.