Aeronautical ChartsAir Navigation — DGCA CPL practice questions

Question 1 of 134

The Lambert Conformal Conic projection is used for aeronautical charts primarily because:

A.Meridians are parallel straight lines

B.It is equal-area and preserves magnetic courses

C.Great circle routes appear as nearly straight lines

D.Scale is constant in all directions at all points

All 134 questions — Aeronautical Charts

Air Navigation · DGCA CPL. The correct option is marked on each.

Q1. The Lambert Conformal Conic projection is used for aeronautical charts primarily because:
- A.Meridians are parallel straight lines
- B.It is equal-area and preserves magnetic courses
- C.Great circle routes appear as nearly straight lines✓
- D.Scale is constant in all directions at all points
Why: On a Lambert chart, great circle routes are very nearly straight lines, making it ideal for long-distance navigation. The chart is also conformal (shape-preserving) and scale variation is small.
Q2. A Mercator chart is conformal and:
- A.Represents great circles as straight lines
- B.Represents rhumb lines as straight lines✓
- C.Has constant scale everywhere
- D.Is used for polar routes
Why: The Mercator projection's key property is that rhumb lines (constant-bearing courses) appear as straight lines. Great circles curve away from the equator. Scale increases with latitude.
Q3. A chart scale of 1:500,000 means:
- A.1 cm on chart = 500 km on Earth
- B.1 cm on chart = 5 km on Earth
- C.1 cm on chart = 500,000 cm on Earth✓
- D.1 inch on chart = 500,000 miles on Earth
Why: Representative fraction 1:500,000 means 1 unit on the chart equals 500,000 of the same units on the Earth — so 1 cm on chart = 500,000 cm = 5 km on Earth.
Q4. On a Lambert conformal chart with standard parallels at 30°N and 60°N, the scale is correct (exact) at:
- A.The equator
- B.45°N (midway)
- C.30°N and 60°N✓
- D.The pole
Why: On a Lambert chart, scale is exact (equal to Earth) on the two standard parallels. It is slightly compressed between them and expanded outside them.
Q5. Which chart projection is most suitable for polar area navigation?
- A.Mercator
- B.Lambert Conformal Conic
- C.Stereographic (Polar)✓
- D.Transverse Mercator
Why: The Polar Stereographic projection is used for high-latitude and polar navigation. It is conformal, and great circles are nearly straight lines near the pole.
Q6. The contour lines on a topographic aeronautical chart join points of equal:
- A.Magnetic variation
- B.Pressure altitude
- C.Elevation above MSL✓
- D.Air density
Why: Contour lines connect points of equal elevation above mean sea level (MSL), providing pilots with terrain clearance information.
Q7. On an ICAO 1:500,000 topographical chart, a controlled airspace boundary is typically depicted as:
- A.A solid black line
- B.A blue or purple tinted boundary✓
- C.A dashed red line
- D.A brown contour line
Why: ICAO charts use blue/purple tinted boundaries and lines to depict controlled airspace. The specific shade distinguishes CTR, TMA, airways, etc.
Q8. Chart distance measured as 5.5 cm on a 1:500,000 scale chart represents a ground distance of:
- A.27.5 km✓
- B.5.5 km
- C.55 km
- D.2.75 NM
Why: 5.5 cm × 500,000 = 2,750,000 cm = 27,500 m = 27.5 km (≈ 14.85 NM).
Q9. The convergency factor of a Lambert chart equals:
- A.sin of the standard parallel
- B.sin of the mean latitude covered✓
- C.cos of the standard parallel
- D.tan of the latitude difference
Why: The chart convergency factor for a Lambert chart approximates sin of the mean (or mid) latitude of the chart. This determines how much meridians converge on the chart compared to true convergency.
Q10. A 'Military Low Flying Chart' in India is typically published at a scale of:
- A.1:100,000
- B.1:250,000✓
- C.1:500,000
- D.1:1,000,000
Why: Low-level and tactical flight planning charts (Tactical Pilotage Charts) are typically published at 1:250,000 to show sufficient terrain and cultural detail for low-level operations.
Q11. You are flying a VFR route and have become uncertain of your position. Which is the best course of action?
- A.Set heading towards a line feature — coastline, river or motorway✓
- B.Turn round and fly your flight plan tracks in reverse until you see something you recognised
- C.Fly a series of ever-expanding circles from your present position
- D.Turn round and fly your flight plan in reverse back to base
Why: The correct lost procedure is to maintain contact with the ground and head for a recognisable line feature (coastline, motorway, major river). Once you reach it, you can follow it to a known point and resume navigation.
Q12. An aircraft flying VFR using visual navigation crosses two parallel roads at right angles to the track. For what purpose could that information be used?
- A.Tracking check
- B.Ground speed check✓
- C.Heading check
- D.Deviation check
Why: The time taken to travel between two parallel roads (of known spacing) at right angles to track gives the aircraft's ground speed. This is not useful for track checking because roads crossed at right angles give no tracking information.
Q13. Which of the following would be most useful as a visual checkpoint when planning a flight?
- A.A small copse
- B.A large wood
- C.A large motorway junction✓
- D.A bend in a river
Why: A large motorway junction is ideal because it is unique (no two junctions look alike), large (visible from altitude), has good contrast, and can be identified from a distance. A small copse may be too small; woods and river bends may not be unique.
Q14. Scale is the relationship between:
- A.The latitude and longitude on the chart
- B.The length of a line on the chart and the distance on the Earth between the same two points✓
- C.The size of the chart and the area of the country
- D.The contours and the relief features shown
Why: Scale = Chart Length / Earth Distance. It is always expressed with chart length as 1 (the Representative Fraction), and tells you how many units on Earth are represented by one unit on the chart.
Q15. Which of the following is a LARGE scale chart?
- A.A world atlas (1:50,000,000)
- B.An ICAO 1:500,000 topographical chart✓
- C.A 1:5,000,000 small-scale en-route chart
- D.A chart covering the whole of Europe on one sheet
Why: A large scale chart has more detail but covers less area. The 1:500,000 chart (smaller denominator) covers a smaller geographic area in greater detail than a 1:5,000,000 chart. Large scale = smaller denominator = more detail.
Q16. Convergency (Earth convergence) is defined as:
- A.The angle between a great circle track and a rhumb line track
- B.The angle of inclination between two selected meridians measured at a given latitude✓
- C.The angle at which the great circle crosses the equator
- D.Half the difference between the initial and final great circle track
Why: Convergency is the angle of inclination between two selected meridians measured at a given latitude. Formula: Convergency = Change in Longitude × sine (latitude). It equals zero at the equator and equals the change in longitude at the poles.
Q17. Conversion angle is:
- A.Equal to convergency
- B.Half the convergency✓
- C.Twice the convergency
- D.Equal to the change of longitude
Why: Conversion angle = ½ convergency = ½ × change of longitude × sine (mean latitude). It is the angular difference between the great circle direction and the rhumb line direction between two points.
Q18. On a Mercator chart, the chart convergence is:
- A.Equal to Earth convergency everywhere
- B.Zero everywhere (constant across the chart)✓
- C.Correct at the standard parallels
- D.Equal to change of longitude × sine of latitude
Why: On a Mercator chart, all meridians are drawn as parallel vertical lines, so their angle of inclination (chart convergence) is zero everywhere. Earth convergency is only zero at the equator — so Mercator chart convergence matches Earth convergency only at the equator.
Q19. On a direct Mercator chart, rhumb lines are represented as:
- A.Curves concave to the Equator
- B.Curves convex to the Equator
- C.Complex curves
- D.Straight lines✓
Why: The Mercator chart was specifically designed so that a straight line is a rhumb line (constant direction). This makes compass navigation straightforward — draw a straight line, measure the angle, and fly that constant heading.
Q20. On a direct Mercator, with the exception of the meridians and the Equator, great circles are represented as:
- A.Curves concave to the nearer pole
- B.Curves convex to the Equator
- C.Curves concave to the Equator✓
- D.Straight lines
Why: On a Mercator, great circles (other than meridians and the equator) appear as curves that bulge toward the equator — i.e. they are concave to the equator (or convex toward the nearer pole). The great circle always lies closer to the pole than the rhumb line.
Q21. A normal Mercator chart is which type of projection?
- A.Cylindrical, perspective, and conformal
- B.Perspective, conformal, and conical
- C.Cylindrical, non-perspective, and conformal✓
- D.Non-perspective, conformal, and azimuthal
Why: The Mercator chart is a cylindrical projection (based on a cylinder tangent at the equator), non-perspective (mathematically adjusted from the geometric projection), and conformal/orthomorphic (angles preserved locally).
Q22. On a Mercator chart, scale:
- A.Is constant everywhere
- B.Is correct at the equator and expands as the secant of the latitude✓
- C.Is correct at the standard parallels
- D.Contracts away from the equator
Why: Mercator scale is correct (matching the Reduced Earth) only at the equator. Away from the equator, scale expands proportionally to the secant of the latitude: Scale at lat = Scale at equator × sec(lat).
Q23. On a Lambert's conformal conic chart, scale is:
- A.Constant everywhere
- B.Constant along a meridian of longitude
- C.Slightly variable with latitude; constant along a parallel of latitude✓
- D.Correct at the parallel of tangency and expands on either side
Why: On a Lambert chart, scale is constant along any parallel of latitude but varies slightly with latitude. Scale is correct on the two standard parallels and slightly contracted between them and slightly expanded outside them.
Q24. The convergence factor (constant of the cone) on a Lambert's conformal conic chart with standard parallels at 63°N and 41°N is:
- A.0.891
- B.0.788✓
- C.0.656
- D.0.707
Why: The constant of the cone = sine of the parallel of origin (midway between the standard parallels). Parallel of origin = (63+41)/2 = 52°N. Sin 52° ≈ 0.788.
Q25. On which chart projection is it not possible to show the North Pole?
- A.Direct Mercator✓
- B.Lambert's conformal conic
- C.Transverse Mercator
- D.Polar stereographic
Why: On a direct Mercator chart, scale expands as the secant of latitude, becoming infinite at the poles. The poles can therefore never be shown on a direct Mercator chart.
Q26. The chart convergence factor on a Polar Stereographic chart is:
- A.0
- B.1.0✓
- C.0.866
- D.0.5
Why: On a Polar Stereographic chart, the chart convergence = change of longitude × 1.0. The n factor (constant of the cone) is 1, meaning meridians on the chart subtend the same angle as on the Earth at the pole.
Q27. The chart that is generally used for navigation in polar areas is based on a:
- A.Direct Mercator projection
- B.Gnomonic projection
- C.Lambert conformal projection
- D.Stereographic projection✓
Why: The Polar Stereographic chart is the standard chart used for navigation in polar regions. It is an azimuthal projection centered on the pole, conformal (orthomorphic), and great circles near the pole approximate straight lines.
Q28. How do rhumb lines (other than meridians) appear on a Polar Stereographic chart?
- A.Concave to the nearer pole✓
- B.Convex to the nearer pole (curves spiraling away from pole)
- C.Ellipses round the pole
- D.Straight lines
Why: Concave to the nearer pole. A rhumb line crosses every meridian at the same angle. On a polar stereographic chart the meridians are straight lines radiating from the pole, so a line that keeps a constant angle to them must keep bending round the pole. A parallel of latitude is the simplest case: it is a rhumb line, and it is a circle centred on the pole.
Q29. Grivation is the combination of:
- A.Variation and Deviation
- B.Deviation and the Agonic value
- C.Variation and Grid Convergence✓
- D.Grid Convergence and Deviation
Why: Grivation = Variation + Grid Convergence (algebraically). It is the total correction needed to convert Grid direction to Magnetic direction. Lines of equal grivation are called isogrivs.
Q30. On a standard North Polar grid (datum meridian = Greenwich), at a position 90°W, the convergence is:
- A.90°W
- B.90°E✓
- C.0°
- D.45°E
Why: At 90°W in the Northern hemisphere, the aircraft is west of the datum (Greenwich meridian). Using the rule 'Northern hemisphere, west of datum → convergence EAST', convergence = 90°E. True track = Grid track - 90°.
Q31. A North Polar Stereographic chart is overprinted with a standard grid (aligned with the Greenwich meridian). At position 80°N 135°E, the grid track is 235°. What is the true track?
- A.010°✓
- B.100°
- C.190°
- D.280°
Why: At 135°E, Northern hemisphere, east of datum → convergence WEST = 135°W. Convergence West → True BEST (greater). True track = 235° + 135° = 370° = 010°(T).
Q32. On a Polar Stereographic map, a straight line from A (75°N 60°W) to B (75°N 60°E): what is the initial straight-line track going eastwards from A?
- A.090°(T)
- B.030°(T)✓
- C.120°(T)
- D.330°(T)
Why: A and B are each 60° longitude from Greenwich, giving 120° total longitude change between them. On a polar stereographic, this = 120° inclination of meridians. Both points are at the same co-latitude, forming an isosceles triangle. Each base angle = (180-120)/2 = 30°. The track from A to B is 030°(T) (30° right of due north, which points to the Pole).
Q33. The standard parallels of a Lamberts conical orthomorphic projection are 07o40N and 38o20N. The constant of the cone for this chart is:
- A.0.60
- B.0.39✓
- C.0.92
- D.0.42
Q34. On a transverse Mercator chart, the scale is exactly correct along the:
- A.prime meridian and the equator
- B.equator and parallel of origin
- C.meridian of tangency and the parallel of latitude perpendicular to it
- D.meridians of tangency✓
Q35. On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart earth convergency is most accurately represented at the:
- A.north and south limits of the chart
- B.parallel of origin✓
- C.standard parallels
- D.equator
Q36. An Oblique Mercator projection is used specifically to produce:
- A.plotting charts in equatorial regions
- B.radio navigational charts in equatorial regions
- C.topographical maps of large east/west extent
- D.charts of the great circle route between two points✓
Q37. The main use for an Oblique Mercator chart would be:
- A.for countries with large changes in latitude but small changes in longitude
- B.route charts for selected great circle routes✓
- C.better topographical coverage of polar regions
- D.topographical coverage of equatorial regions
Q38. Scale on a Lamberts conformal chart is:
- A.constant along a parallel of latitude✓
- B.constant along a meridian of longitude
- C.constant over the whole chart
- D.varies with latitude and longitude
Q39. On a transverse Mercator chart, with the exception of the Equator, parallels of latitude appear as:
- A.hyperbolic lines
- B.straight lines
- C.ellipses✓
- D.parabolas
Q40. The two standard parallels of a conical Lambert projection are at N10o40 and N41o20. The cone constant of this chart is approximately:
- A.0.18
- B.0.90
- C.0.66
- D.0.44✓
Q41. The constant of the cone, on a Lambert chart where the convergence angle between longitudes 010°E and 030°W is 30°, is:
- A.0.40
- B.0.75✓
- C.0.50
- D.0.64
Q42. A Mercator chart has a scale at the equator = 1:3 704 000. What is the scale at latitude 60° S?
- A.1 : 1 852 000✓
- B.1 : 7 408 000
- C.1 : 3 208 000
- D.1 : 185 200
Q43. A Lambert conformal conic projection, with two standard parallels:
- A.shows lines of longitude as parallel straight lines
- B.shows all great circles as straight lines
- C.the scale is only correct at parallel of origin
- D.the scale is only correct along the standard parallels✓
Q44. The convergence factor of a Lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as 0.78535. At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly represented?
- A.38o15
- B.51o45✓
- C.52o05
- D.80o39
Q45. The nominal scale of a Lambert conformal conic chart is the:
- A.scale at the equator
- B.scale at the standard parallels✓
- C.mean scale between pole and equator
- D.mean scale between the parallels of the secant cone
Q46. The constant of cone of a Lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as 0.3955. At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly represented?
- A.68o25
- B.21o35
- C.23o18✓
- D.66o42
Q47. On a direct Mercator projection, the distance measured between two meridians spaced 5° apart at latitude 60°N is 8 cm. The scale of this chart at latitude 60°N is approximately:
- A.1 : 4 750 000
- B.1 : 7 000 000
- C.1 : 6 000 000
- D.1 : 3 500 000✓
Q48. At 60° N the scale of a direct Mercator chart is 1:
- A.1 : 3 000 000
- B.1 : 3 500 000
- C.1 : 1 500 000
- D.1 : 6 000 000✓
Q49. Transverse Mercator projections are used for:
- A.maps of large north/south extent✓
- B.maps of large east/west extent in equatorial areas
- C.radio navigation charts in equatorial areas
- D.plotting charts in equatorial areas
Q50. A direct Mercator graticule is based on a projection that is:
- A.spherical
- B.concentric
- C.cylindrical✓
- D.conical
Q51. What is the value of the convergence factor on a Polar Stereographic chart?
- A.0.866
- B.0.5
- C.0.0
- D.1.0✓
Q52. The Earth has been charted using:
- A.WGP84
- B.WGS84✓
- C.GD84
- D.GPS84
Q53. A straight line is drawn on a Lamberts conformal conic chart between two positions of different longitude. The angular difference between the initial true track and the final true track of the line is equal to:
- A.earth convergency
- B.chart convergency✓
- C.conversion angle
- D.difference in longitude
Q54. How does the chart convergency change with latitude in a Lambert Conformal projection?
- A.It changes with sine of latitude
- B.It changes with cosine of latitude
- C.It increases with increase of latitude
- D.It is constant and does not change with latitude✓
Q55. How does the scale vary in a Direct Mercator chart?
- A.The scale increases with increasing distance from the Equator✓
- B.The scale decreases with increasing distance from the Equator
- C.The scale is constant
- D.The scale increases south of the Equator and decreases north of the Equator
Q56. On a chart a straight line is drawn between two points and has a length of 4.63 cm. What is the chart scale if the line represents 150 NM?
- A.1 : 1 000 000
- B.1 : 6 000 000✓
- C.1 : 3 000 000
- D.1 : 5 000 000
Q57. What is the constant of the cone for a Lambert conic projection whose standard parallels are at 50°N and 70°N?
- A.0.500
- B.0.941
- C.0.866✓
- D.0.766
Q58. Isogrivs on a chart indicate lines of:
- A.Zero magnetic variation
- B.Equal magnetic tip
- C.Equal horizontal directive force
- D.Equal grivation 1 min✓
Q59. On a Lambert conformal conic chart the convergence of the meridians:
- A.is the same as earth convergency at the parallel of origin✓
- B.is zero throughout the chart
- C.varies as the secant of the latitude
- D.equals earth convergency at the standard parallels
Q60. On a Direct Mercator chart a great circle will be represented by a:
- A.complex curve
- B.curve concave to the equator✓
- C.curve convex to the equator
- D.straight line
Q61. On a Direct Mercator chart, meridians are:
- A.inclined, equally spaced, straight lines that meet at the nearer pole
- B.parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines✓
- C.parallel, unequally spaced, vertical straight lines
- D.inclined, unequally spaced, curved lines that meet at the nearer pole
Q62. The angular difference, on a Lambert conformal conic chart, between the arrival and departure track is equal to:
- A.map convergence✓
- B.earth convergence
- C.conversion angle
- D.difference in longitude
Q63. On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude 15°S, a certain length represents a distance of 120 NM on the earth. The same length on the chart will represent on the earth, at latitude 10°N, a distance of:
- A.122.3 NM✓
- B.117.7 NM
- C.124.2 NM
- D.118.2 NM
Q64. On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude of 45°N, a certain length represents a distance of 90 NM on the earth. The same length on the chart will represent on the earth, at latitude 30°N, a distance of:
- A.45 NM
- B.73.5 NM
- C.78 NM
- D.110 NM✓
Q65. The parallels on a Lambert Conformal Conic chart are represented by:
- A.parabolic lines
- B.straight lines
- C.arcs of concentric circles✓
- D.hyperbolic lines
Q66. On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart great circles that are not meridians are:
- A.curves concave to the parallel of origin✓
- B.straight lines
- C.curves concave to the pole of projection
- D.straight lines within the standard parallels
Q67. Which one of the following, concerning great circles on a Direct Mercator chart, is correct?
- A.They are all curves convex to the equator
- B.They are all curves concave to the equator
- C.They approximate to straight lines between the standard parallels
- D.With the exception of meridians and the equator, they are curves concave to the equator✓
Q68. Which one of the following describes the appearance of rhumb lines, except meridians, on a Polar Stereographic chart?
- A.Straight lines
- B.Ellipses around the Pole
- C.Curves convex to the Pole
- D.Curves concave to the Pole✓
Q69. A straight line on a Lambert Conformal Projection chart for normal flight planning purposes:
- A.can only be a parallel of latitude
- B.is a Loxodromic line
- C.is a Rhumb line
- D.is approximately a Great Circle✓
Q70. On a Lambert chart (standard parallels 37°N and 65°N), with respct to the straight line drawn on the map the between A (N49° W030°) and B (N48° W040°), the:
- A.great circle is to the north, the rhumb line is to the south
- B.great circle and rhumb line are to the north
- C.great circle and rhumb line are to the south✓
- D.rhumb line is to the north, the great circle is to the south
Q71. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the appearance of great circles, with the exception of meridians, on a Polar Stereographic chart whose tangency is at the pole?
- A.The higher the latitude the closer they approximate to a straight line✓
- B.Any straight line is a great circle
- C.They are complex curves that can be convex and/or concave to the Pole
- D.They are curves convex to the Pole
Q72. On a Direct Mercator, rhumb lines are:
- A.straight lines✓
- B.curves concave to the equator
- C.ellipses
- D.curves convex to the equator
Q73. On which of the following chart projections is it NOT possible to represent the north or south poles?
- A.Lamberts conformal
- B.Direct Mercator✓
- C.Transverse Mercator
- D.Polar stereographic
Q74. On a Lambert conformal conic chart, with two standard parallels, the quoted scale is correct:
- A.along the prime meridian
- B.along the two standard parallels✓
- C.in the area between the standard parallels
- D.along the parallel of origin
Q75. Parallels of latitude on a Direct Mercator chart are:
- A.parallel straight lines equally spaced
- B.arcs of concentric circles equally spaced
- C.straight lines converging above the pole
- D.parallel straight lines unequally spaced✓
Q76. The scale on a Lambert conformal conic chart:
- A.is constant along a meridian of longitude
- B.is constant across the whole map
- C.varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude
- D.is constant along a parallel of latitude✓
Q77. On a Lambert conformal conic chart the distance between parallels of latitude spaced the same number of degrees apart:
- A.expands between, and reduces outside, the standard parallels
- B.is constant throughout the chart
- C.reduces between, and expands outside, the standard parallels✓
- D.is constant between, and expands outside the standard parallels
Q78. What is the Rhumb line (RL) direction from 45°N 14o12W to 45°N 12o48E?
- A.270° (T)
- B.090° (T)✓
- C.090° (M)
- D.270° (M)
Q79. A rhumb line on a Direct Mercator chart appears as a:
- A.straight line✓
- B.complex curve
- C.curve convex to the nearer pole
- D.small circle concave to the nearer pole
Q80. Where on a Direct Mercator projection is the chart convergency correct compared to the earth convergency?
- A.All over the chart
- B.At the two parallels of tangency
- C.At the poles
- D.At the equator✓
Q81. The rhumb line distance between points C (N6000.0 E00213.0) and D (N60000.0 W 00713.0) is:
- A.300 nm✓
- B.520 nm
- C.150 nm
- D.600 nm
Q82. An aircraft starts at position 0411.0S 17812.2W and heads True North for 2950nm, then turns 90° left maintaining a rhumb line track for 314 km. The aircraft's final position is:
- A.5500.0N 17412.2W
- B.4500.0N 17412.2W
- C.5500.0N 17713.8E
- D.4500.0N 17713.8E✓
Q83. The appearance of a rhumb line on a Mercator chart is:
- A.A small circle concave to the nearer pole
- B.A straight line✓
- C.A spiral curve
- D.A curved line
Q84. The distance on a Lambert's chart, between two parallels of latitude the same number of degrees apart:
- A.is constant all over the chart
- B.is constant between the Standard Parallels and expands outside them
- C.Expands between the Standard Parallels, but reduces outside them
- D.Reduces between the Standard Parallels, but expands outside them✓
Q85. The scale quoted on a Lamberts chart is:
- A.The scale at the Standard Parallels✓
- B.The scale at the Equator
- C.The mean scale between the Pole and the Equator
- D.The mean scale at the Parallel of the Secant of the Cone
Q86. On a conformal chart, scale is:
- A.Constant
- B.Constant along a meridian of longitude
- C.Variable: it varies as a function of latitude and longitude
- D.Constant along a parallel of latitude✓
Q87. On a Transverse Mercator chart scale is correct at:
- A.The 180° meridian
- B.The False Meridian
- C.The Great Circle of Tangency
- D.The Meridian of Tangency✓
Q88. A pilot navigates from A to B on 7000.0N on a Polar Stereographic chart. A is at 6000.0W, B is at 6000.0E; the initial track at A is:
- A.030°✓
- B.150°
- C.350°
- D.210°
Q89. In which of the following projections does a plane surface touch the Reduced Earth at one of the Poles?
- A.Gnomic
- B.Stereographic✓
- C.Lambert's
- D.Direct Mercator
Q90. On a Polar Stereographic map, a straight line is drawn from position A (70N 102W) to position B (80N 006E). The point of highest latitude along this line occurs at longitude 035W. What is the initial straight-line track angle from A to B, measured at A?
- A.049
- B.077
- C.229
- D.023✓
Q91. The initial straight track from A (75N 60E) to B (75N 60W) on a Polar Stereographic chart is:
- A.030°
- B.360°
- C.060°
- D.330°✓
Q92. At 0020 UTC an aircraft is crossing the 310° radial at 40 NM of a VOR/DME station. At 0035 UTC the radial is 040° and DME distance is 40 NM. Magnetic variation is zero. The true track and ground speed are:
- A.080° – 226 kt
- B.090° – 232 kt
- C.085° – 226 kt✓
- D.088° – 232 kt
Q93. On Lambert Conformal chart the distance between meridians 5° apart along latitude 37° North is 9 cm. The scale of the chart at that parallel approximates:
- A.1 : 3 750 000
- B.1 : 5 000 000✓
- C.1 : 2 000 000
- D.1 : 6 000 000
Q94. On a Mercator chart, at latitude 60°N, the distance measured between W002° and E008ois 20 cm. The scale of this chart at latitude 60°N is approximately:
- A.1 : 5 560 000
- B.1 : 278 000
- C.1 : 780 000✓
- D.1 : 556 000
Q95. On a Mercator chart, the scale:
- A.varies as 1/cosine of latitude (1/cosine=secant)✓
- B.varies as the sine of the latitude
- C.is constant throughout the chart
- D.varies as ½ cosine of the co-latitude
Q96. An aircraft starts at position 0410S 17822W and heads true north for 2950 nm, then turns 90 degrees left, and maintains a rhumb line track for 314 kilometers. What is its final position?
- A.5500N 17422W
- B.4500N 17422W
- C.5500N 17738E
- D.4500N 17738E✓
Q97. Given: Direct Mercator chart with a scale of 1: 200 000 at equator Chart length from A to B, in the vicinity of the equator, 11 cm What is the approximate distance from A to B?
- A.21 NM
- B.12 NM✓
- C.22 NM
- D.14 NM
Q98. Given that: A is N55 E/W 000 B is N54 E 010 If the true great circle track from A to B is 100T, what is the true Rhumb Line track at A?
- A.096
- B.107
- C.104✓
- D.100
Q99. On a Polar Stereographic chart, the initial great circle course from A 70°N 060°W to B 70°N 060°E is approximately:
- A.030° (T)✓
- B.330° (T)
- C.150° (T)
- D.210° (T)
Q100. Given: Chart scale is 1: 850 000 The chart distance between two points is 4 centimetres Earth distance is approximately:
- A.4 NM
- B.74 NM
- C.100 NM
- D.40 NM✓
Q101. On a direct Mercator projection, at latitude 45° North, a certain length represents 70 NM. At latitude 30° North, the same length represents approximately:
- A.57 NM
- B.86 NM✓
- C.70 NM
- D.81 NM
Q102. Approximately how many nautical miles correspond to 12 cm on a map with a scale of 1: 200 000?
- A.130✓
- B.150
- C.329
- D.43
Q103. A course of 120o(T) is drawn between X(61o30N) and Y(58o30N) on a Lambert Conformal conic chart with a scale of 1: 1 000 000 at 60°N. The chart distance between X and Y is:
- A.33.4 cm
- B.66.7 cm✓
- C.38.5 cm
- D.36.0 cm
Q104. On a chart, the distance along a meridian between latitudes 45°N and 46°N is 6 cm. The scale of the chart is approximately:
- A.1 : 1 000 000
- B.1 : 850 000✓
- C.1 : 185 000
- D.1 : 18 500 000
Q105. The following waypoints are entered into an inertial navigation system (INS) WPT 1: 60N 30W WPT 2: 60N 20W WPT 3: 60N 10W The intertial navigation is connected to the automatic pilot on the route WP1- WP2-WP3. The track change on passing WPT:
- A.1 9 deg increase
- B.1 4 deg decrease
- C.zero
- D.a 9 deg decrease✓
Q106. The chart distance between meridians 10° apart at latitude 65° North is 3.75 inches. The chart scale at this latitude approximates:
- A.1 : 6 000 000
- B.1 : 5 000 000✓
- C.1 : 2 500 000
- D.1 : 3 000 000
Q107. An aircraft at position 6000N 00522WS flies 165 km due East. What is the new position?
- A.6000N 00820E
- B.6000N 00224WS✓
- C.6000N 00108E
- D.6000N 00108W
Q108. Two positions plotted on a polar stereographic chart, A (80°N 000°) and B (70°N 102°W) are joined by a straight line whose highest latitude is reached at 035°W. At point B, the true course is:
- A.247°
- B.023°
- C.203°✓
- D.305°
Q109. Given: An aircraft is flying a track of 255o(M). At 2254 UTC, it crosses radial 360° from a VOR station. At 2300 UTC, it crosses radial 330° from the same station. At 2300 UTC, the distance between the aircraft and the station is:
- A.the same as it was at 2254 UTC✓
- B.greater than it was at 2254 UTC
- C.randomly different that it was at 2254 UTC
- D.less than it was at 2254 UTC
Q110. Given: Waypoint 1.60°S 030°W Waypoint 2.60°S 020°W What will be the approximate latitude shown on the display unit of an inertial navigation system at longitude 025°W?
- A.060° 11'S
- B.059° 49'S
- C.060° 00'S
- D.060° 06'S✓
Q111. On a chart, 49 nautical miles is represented by 7.0 centimetres. What is the scale?
- A.1/700,000
- B.½,015,396
- C.1/1,296,400✓
- D.1/1,156,600
Q112. The distance measured between two points on a navigation map is 42 mm (millimetres). The scale of the chart is 1:1 600 000. The actual distance between these two points is approximately:
- A.3.69 NM
- B.370.00 NM
- C.67.20 NM
- D.36.30 NM✓
Q113. What is the chart distance between longitudes 179°E and 175°W on a direct Mercator chart with a scale of 1:5 000 000 at the equator?
- A.133 mm✓
- B.106 mm
- C.167 mm
- D.72 mm
Q114. A chart has the scale 1: 1 000 000. From A to B on the chart measures 1.5 inches (one inch equals 2.54 centimetres), the distance from A to B in NM is:
- A.44.5
- B.38.1
- C.20.6✓
- D.54.2
Q115. A straight line drawn on a chart measures 4.63 cm and represents 150 NM. The chart scale is:
- A.1 : 3 000 000
- B.1 : 6 000 000✓
- C.1 : 5 000 000
- D.1 : 1 000 000
Q116. Route A (44°N 026°E) to B (46°N 024°E) forms an angle of 35° with longitude 026°E. Average magnetic variation between A and B is 3°E. What is the average magnetic course from A to B?
- A.322°✓
- B.328°
- C.032°
- D.038°
Q117. 5 hours 20 minutes and 20 seconds hours time difference is equivalent to which change of longitude:
- A.81° 30
- B.78° 15
- C.79° 10
- D.80° 05✓
Q118. An aircraft departs a point 0400N 17000W and flies 600 nm South, followed by 600 nm East, then 600 nm North, then 600 nm West. What is its final position?
- A.0400N 17000W
- B.0600S 17000W
- C.0400N 16958.1W✓
- D.0400N 17001.8W
Q119. A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.80. A straight line course drawn on this chart from A (53°N 004°W) to B is 080° at A; course at B is 092o(T). What is the longitude of B?
- A.011°E✓
- B.009o36E
- C.008°E
- D.019°E
Q120. On a polar stereographic projection chart showing the South pole, a straight line joins position A (70°S 065°E) to position B (70°S 025°W). The true course on departure from position A is approximately:
- A.250°
- B.225°✓
- C.135°
- D.315°
Q121. Assume a Mercator chart. The distance between positions A and B located on the same parallel and 10° longitude apart, is 6 cm. The scale at the parallel is 1: 9 260 000. What is the latitude of A and B?
- A.45° N or S
- B.30° N or S
- C.0°
- D.60° N or S✓
Q122. Given: Magnetic heading 311° Drift angle 10° left Relative bearing of NDB 270° What is the magnetic bearing of the NDB measured from the aircraft?
- A.211°
- B.208°
- C.221°✓
- D.180°
Q123. A straight line on a chart 4.89 cm long represents 185 NM. The scale of this chart is approximately:
- A.1 : 5 000 000
- B.1 : 3 500 000
- C.1 : 6 000 000
- D.1 : 7 000 000✓
Q124. On a particular Direct Mercator wall chart, the 180W to 180E parallel of latitude at 53N is 133 cm long. What is the scale of the chart at 30S?
- A.1 : 3 000 000
- B.1 : 18 000 000
- C.1 : 21 000 000
- D.1 : 25 000 000✓
Q125. The total length of the 53°N parallel of latitude on a direct Mercator chart is 133 cm. What is the approximate scale of the chart at latitude 30°S?
- A.1 : 25 000 000✓
- B.1 : 30 000 000
- C.1 : 18 000 000
- D.1 : 21 000 000
Q126. In a navigation chart a distance of 49 NM is equal to 7 cm. The scale of the chart is approximately:
- A.1 : 130 000
- B.1 : 700 000
- C.1 : 1 300 000✓
- D.1 : 7 000 000
Q127. A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.75. The initial course of a straight line track drawn on this chart from A (40°N 050°W) to B is 043o(T) at A; course at B is 055o(T). What is the longitude of B?
- A.41°W
- B.36°W
- C.38°W
- D.34°W✓
Q128. At latitude 60°N the scale of a Mercator projection is 1:5 000 000. The length on the chart between C N60° W008° and D N60° W008° is:
- A.19.2 cm
- B.16.2 cm
- C.35.6 cm
- D.17.8 cm✓
Q129. At 47° North the chart distanced between meridians 10° apart is 5 inches. The scale of the chart at 47° North approximates:
- A.1: 2 500 000
- B.1 : 8 000 000
- C.1 : 3 000 000
- D.1 : 6 000 000✓
Q130. Waypoint 1 is 60N 30W. Waypoint 2 is 60N 20W. The aircraft autopilot is coupled to the INS steer. What is the latitude on passing 25W?
- A.6005N✓
- B.6011N
- C.6032N
- D.5949M
Q131. An aircraft at latitude 0220N tracks 180T for 685 kilometres. What is its latitude at the end of the flight?
- A.0350S✓
- B.0250S
- C.0210S
- D.0850S
Q132. Contour lines on aeronautical maps and charts connect points:
- A.of equal latitude
- B.with the same variation
- C.having the same longitude
- D.having the same elevation above sea level✓
Q133. Determine the distance between points A (N4500.0 E01000.0) and B (N4500.0 W00500.0) is:
- A.300 nm
- B.636.4 nm✓
- C.900 nm
- D.212.1 nm
Q134. How is a non-controlled route marked on a map/chart?
- A.As a solid line
- B.As a dashed line✓
- C.As an alternate dotted/dashed line
- D.As a dotted line